The CSR Newsletters are a freely-available resource generated as a dynamic complement to the textbook, Strategic Corporate Social Responsibility: Sustainable Value Creation.

To sign-up to receive the CSR Newsletters regularly during the fall and spring academic semesters, e-mail author David Chandler at david.chandler@ucdenver.edu.

Tuesday, October 7, 2025

Strategic CSR - Meat

The article in the url below presents an interesting discussion around the environmental impact of our collective diet. In particular, it focuses on the impact of eating as much meat as we do:

"Food systems account for about a third of global greenhouse gas emissions, driven largely by animal farming, which is a major source of methane and a drain on land and water resources. Even if the world transitions away from fossil fuels, food alone could push temperatures past the 1.5°C threshold needed to limit warming. The onus falls disproportionately on the wealthy: The richest 30% of the world's population are responsible for more than 70% of food-related pressures."

And this says nothing of the negative health impacts to us, individually. But, it is challenging to see how this turns around any time soon, especially with this statistic about the number of cows in the world (see also Strategic CSR – Chickens):

"1.5 billion: The number of cows on the planet. Nearly 60% of agriculture's greenhouse gas emissions come from animal-based products, with cows among the biggest culprits."

Take care
David

David Chandler
© Sage Publications, 2023

Instructor Teaching and Student Study Site: https://study.sagepub.com/chandler6e  
Strategic CSR Simulation: http://www.strategiccsrsim.com/
The library of CSR Newsletters are archived at: https://strategiccsr-sage.blogspot.com/


Dinner without a side of global warming
By Agnieszka de Sousa
October 2, 2025
Bloomberg
 

Thursday, October 2, 2025

Strategic CSR - Microsoft

So, what should Microsoft do when it provides a platform for its employees to communicate openly and then doesn't like what they talk about? Well, clearly, they should shut down the platform, as detailed in the article in the url below:

"The company has shut down an internal communication channel used by employees to question senior executives and discuss hot-button societal issues, according to an internal post reviewed by The Wall Street Journal. It has also restricted employees' ability to enter certain buildings on its Redmond, Wash., campus, according to people familiar with the matter."

While the company was reacting to behavior by employees, not only speech, it seems like curtailing speech was the company's response to curtailing the behavior it found objectionable. And, while they are at, how about back-tracking on promises made during Covid about working practices and company culture?

"On Tuesday, the company also told employees they will need to report to an office three days a week."

Sounds like a good week at the office.

Take care
David

David Chandler
© Sage Publications, 2023

Instructor Teaching and Student Study Site: https://study.sagepub.com/chandler6e  
Strategic CSR Simulation: http://www.strategiccsrsim.com/
The library of CSR Newsletters are archived at: https://strategiccsr-sage.blogspot.com/


Microsoft Curbs Staff After Office Sit-In
By Sebastian Herrera
September 10, 2025
The Wall Street Journal
Late Edition – Final
B1, B4
 

Tuesday, September 30, 2025

Strategic CSR - COP 21

In the midst of the largely pessimistic review of progress on climate change since COP 21 in Paris in 2015, the article in the url below contains a ray of sunshine:

"It took almost 70 years from the invention of the solar cell, in 1954, for the world to install its first terawatt of solar power, in 2022. The second one came two years later. The third? Perhaps later this year. In 2024, renewables provided more than 40 percent of the world's electricity, and twice as much money was invested in them than in fossil fuels — even though renewables offer, generally speaking, less return on investment. Ninety-three percent of new power worldwide came from clean sources, meaning that for every new unit of dirty capacity brought online in 2024, there were 24 units of the good, clean stuff. This is not yet enough to push global emissions downward. But in a battle between old energy and new, it represents an obliterating margin. As soon as next year, it is estimated, renewables will be the world's largest source of electricity."

The article suggests that, in spite of the current political climate that discourages some of the scientific rhetoric around the threats posed by climate change, progress on the transition to carbon free energy sources continues:

"… global leaders may be talking less about the risks of warming and the necessity of limiting it, these days, but on the ground, decarbonization is nevertheless racing ahead."

Nevertheless, the article also concludes something that seemed obvious even a decade ago:

"In certain ways, the story is one that moderates and skeptics long predicted: that decarbonization could not be reliably imposed from above on moralistic terms and would have to be powered instead by market forces, private investment and the informed consensus of a price-conscious public."

Or, in other words:

"Polls show that voters don't actually prioritize decarbonization and, crucially, aren't willing to pay much to bring it about."

Take care
David

David Chandler
© Sage Publications, 2023

Instructor Teaching and Student Study Site: https://study.sagepub.com/chandler6e  
Strategic CSR Simulation: http://www.strategiccsrsim.com/
The library of CSR Newsletters are archived at: https://strategiccsr-sage.blogspot.com/


It Isn't Just the U.S. The Whole World Has Soured on Climate Politics
By David Wallace-Wells
September 16, 2025
The New York Times
 

Wednesday, September 24, 2025

Strategic CSR - Amazon

The article in the url below indicates how far Amazon has gone to integrate robots into its warehouse operations (very different, and far more advanced in terms of developing a business case, than A.I.): 

"The automation of Amazon.com facilities is approaching a new milestone: There will soon be as many robots as humans."

The article also reminded me of how big Amazon is:

"The e-commerce giant, which has spent years automating tasks previously done by humans in its facilities, has deployed more than one million robots in those workplaces, Amazon said. That is the most it has ever had and near the count of human workers at the facilities."

The impact of robotics on the overall number of employees, as well as the overall efficiency of those workers, is illustrated in the two charts accompanying the article:
 

Take care
David

David Chandler
© Sage Publications, 2023

Instructor Teaching and Student Study Site: https://study.sagepub.com/chandler6e  
Strategic CSR Simulation: http://www.strategiccsrsim.com/
The library of CSR Newsletters are archived at: https://strategiccsr-sage.blogspot.com/


Amazon Nears Robotics Milestone
By Sebastian Herrera
July 1, 2025
The Wall Street Journal
Late Edition – Final
B1, B4
 

Thursday, September 18, 2025

Strategic CSR - Words

The article in the url below, which focuses on declining reading rates (and the associated ability to concentrate) among Gen Z university students, contains a pretty alarming graphic – the "average words per sentence in popular books," measured over 100 years. As you might expect with the ubiquity of smartphone screens and popular apps, such as TikTok, the story is not encouraging:


The Economist suggests that, in addition to a heightened inability to concentrate, "decreasing literary sophistication may lead to decreasing political sophistication," and has found plenty of support that this lack of sophistication is reflected in today's politicians:

"Our analysis of Britain's parliamentary speeches found that they have shrunk by a third in a decade. We also analyzed almost 250 years of inaugural presidential addresses. … George Washington scored 28.7, denoting postgraduate level, while Donald Trump's came in at 9.4, the reading level of a high-schooler."

I wonder how bad things can get.

Take care
David

David Chandler
© Sage Publications, 2023

Instructor Teaching and Student Study Site: https://study.sagepub.com/chandler6e  
Strategic CSR Simulation: http://www.strategiccsrsim.com/
The library of CSR Newsletters are archived at: https://strategiccsr-sage.blogspot.com/


The perils of book-spurning
September 6, 2025
The Economist
Late Edition – Final
71-72
 

Tuesday, September 16, 2025

Strategic CSR - BlackRock

The article in the url below reveals the challenges for organizations responding to multiple stakeholders with competing interests:

"BlackRock Inc. has lost a mandate worth €14.5 billion ($17 billion) with one of the largest pension funds in the Netherlands, amid concerns the world's biggest money manager isn't acting in the best interests of clients when it comes to climate risk. PFZW, which oversees about €250 billion ($290 billion), will instead rely on Robeco, Man Numeric, Acadian, Lazard, Schroders, M&G, UBS and PGGM to oversee an equity portfolio worth some €50 billion, a spokesperson for the pensions manager told Bloomberg on Wednesday."

The article suggests that, having been so outspoken on climate change in prior years, BlackRock has now created this conflict due to its willingness to retreat on previously umambiguous positions:

"PFZW is the latest asset owner to voice discontent with US money managers that have retreated from climate alliances amid an all-out assault on net zero policies by the White House. PME, another Dutch pensions manager, told Bloomberg earlier this year it's reviewing its mandate with BlackRock, valued at some €5 billion."

And, of course, each of BlackRock's stakeholders has its own set of stakeholders that are helping shape decisions and priorities in a ripple effect:

"Dutch pension funds have been under pressure from a local nonprofit, Fossil Free Netherlands, to end their ties with BlackRock. The 'Break with BlackRock' initiative asked savers to urge their pension funds to act, and thousands have done so, according to the nonprofit's website."

Inauthentic values that are applied inconsistently can earn short-term gains at the expense of long-term credibility, and with very real costs:

"PME's senior strategist for responsible investing, Daan Spaargaren, told Bloomberg the €57 billion pension manager's concern was that BlackRock wasn't doing enough to distance itself from the anti-climate rhetoric of the administration of US President Donald Trump. BlackRock and other US asset managers 'aren't condemning what Trump is doing and how he is operating and how he is handling issues like climate change and demolishing the judiciary,' Spaargaren said at the time. 'We are worried about that.'"

Take care
David

David Chandler
© Sage Publications, 2023

Instructor Teaching and Student Study Site: https://study.sagepub.com/chandler6e  
Strategic CSR Simulation: http://www.strategiccsrsim.com/
The library of CSR Newsletters are archived at: https://strategiccsr-sage.blogspot.com/


BlackRock Loses $17 Billion Mandate at Dutch Pension Fund PFZW
By Frances Schwartzkopff
September 2, 2025
Bloomberg
 

Wednesday, September 10, 2025

Strategic CSR - Fur

In class, when I want to demonstrate to students how most things (other than the natural sciences) are social constructs and society's values can shift, relatively quickly, I use the example of fur. 50-60 years ago, I argue, wearing fur was a sign of status; today it is unacceptable, but who knows what society will think about fur in the future. After all, we have used parts of animals for all of our existence – there is nothing objectively 'wrong' about wearing fur. What society thinks about wearing fur is impactful, however, especially if you are a company producing fur or using it to make clothes. I find that trying to understand how society changes its opinion so dramatically (and occasionally rapidly) on such issues is extremely challenging. All of a sudden, or over a long period of time, we stop believing one thing and start believing something else. And logic often has nothing to do with it.

Anyway, the article in the url below suggests I need to update my example as, apparently, fur is back:

"A few weeks before the Manhattan Vintage Show opened this month, its owner, Amy Abrams, was predicting a "fur-a-palooza," with vendors fielding an uptick in demand for fur. … The racks of fox, mink and Mongolian at booths, including the Igala NYC and the Jennie Walker Archive, which was selling a sable coat for $2,495, were swarmed by shoppers, many already wearing fur."

The shift seems sudden, and turns back a slide away from fur that played out over decades:

"It happened slowly — Calvin Klein banned fur in 1994; Ralph Lauren in 2006 — and then all at once. After Gucci announced in 2017 that it would eliminate real fur in its collections, the big luxury fashion houses followed: Michael Kors, Burberry, Prada, Versace, Tom Ford, Marc Jacobs and more. Since introducing her label in 2001, Stella McCartney has been a fiercely vocal animal and cruelty-free advocate. Fendi, which was founded in 1925 as a fur and leather shop in Rome and is owned by LVMH, remains one of the last luxury holdouts."

As a result, the "fur industry" may not be positioned for the revival:

"According to the Fur Free Alliance, global fur production is down 85 percent in the last decade. Roughly 20 million animals were killed as part of the fur trade in 2023 versus 140 million in 2014. The number of fur farms in the European Union fell to 1,088 in 2023 from 4,350 in 2018."

The moral compromise that many appear to be making is that they are wearing "pre-owned" fur clothes, which aligns with the recent rise in popularity of thrift shopping:

"For years, in much of the United States and Europe, wearing real fur has felt taboo. Except, suddenly, some people don't seem to care — especially if the wearer can assert the mantle of 'vintage,' as no animals were freshly killed and upcycling old clothes is more virtuous than buying new."

Some are even presenting vintage as the sustainable option:

"'I think people are really misunderstanding vintage fur versus faux fur,' [Carly Mark, the designer of the fashion line/art project Puppets and Puppets] said. Vintage, in her eyes, is the superior sustainable option. She cited plastics and microplastics in faux fur fibers, often made from petroleum-based materials, as 'worse for the environment in the big picture.'"

Understandably, animal rights activists are not impressed:

"Animal rights groups see vintage fur as a dangerous trend. "If someone sees a person wearing used fur and they don't know it's used, they could very well go buy new fur," said PJ Smith, the director of fashion policy for the Humane Society of the United States."

Take care
David 

David Chandler
© Sage Publications, 2023

Instructor Teaching and Student Study Site: https://study.sagepub.com/chandler6e  
Strategic CSR Simulation: http://www.strategiccsrsim.com/
The library of CSR Newsletters are archived at: https://strategiccsr-sage.blogspot.com/


Wearing It Proudly, and Pre-Owned
By Jessica Iredale
February 16, 2025
The New York Times
Late Edition – Final
ST11
 

Thursday, September 4, 2025

Strategic CSR - 4-day workweek

The article in the url below extolls the demonstrated value of the 4-day workweek – conclusions that have been derived after extensive study:

"In 2022, [the author] signed on as lead researcher at 4DWG, an international NGO that aims to make a four-day workweek the new standard. Since then, we have studied 245 businesses and nonprofits as they adopted four-day-week pilot programs for more than 8,700 workers, in countries including the U.S., U.K., Brazil, Portugal, Germany and South Africa."

First, for individual employees, who work 20% less but receive no reduction in pay:

"69% experience reduced burnout, 42% have better mental health, and 37% see improvements in physical health. Thirteen percent of participants say they wouldn't go back to a five-day schedule for any amount of money."

But, also, for the hiring organization:

"[The researchers asked participating companies] to rate the success of the trials, and they give consistently high scores—an average of 8.2 out of 10. After a year, only 20 companies, less than 10% of the total, decided to discontinue their four-day week. We also saw excellent results in performance metrics such as revenue, absenteeism and resignations."

The prime example for the potential in a 4-day workweek is apparently Microsoft, Japan (see also Strategic CSR – Microsoft):

"In 2019, it instituted a temporary four-day week, closing the office for five consecutive Fridays in August. To make it work, the company mandated that no meetings could go longer than 30 minutes. It also told managers to avoid unnecessary meetings and use face-to-face chats instead. Its widely reported results were striking: Productivity increased by 40% over the trial period, while time off fell by 25%."

Although for different reasons, the results are apparently replicated across all kinds of companies (see Strategic CSR – Unilever) and situations (see Strategic CSR – Productivity):

"Most of the companies in our trials are white-collar organizations, where eliminating meetings and other distractions goes a long way toward making a four-day week feasible. In industries such as manufacturing and construction, time savings are more likely to be found by making the flow of work more efficient through process engineering."

Personally, I do not have any desire to work less, but I do like the sound of enforced 30-minute meetings. Perhaps I'll give that a try, especially on Zoom.

Take care
David

David Chandler
© Sage Publications, 2023

Instructor Teaching and Student Study Site: https://study.sagepub.com/chandler6e  
Strategic CSR Simulation: http://www.strategiccsrsim.com/
The library of CSR Newsletters are archived at: https://strategiccsr-sage.blogspot.com/


Of Course Workers Want a Four-Day Week. Companies Should Too.
By Juliet B. Schor
May 31 – June 1, 2025
The Wall Street Journal
Late Edition – Final
C3
 

Tuesday, September 2, 2025

Strategic CSR - Water + A.I.

The article in the url below does a good job of quantifying the environmental impact (in terms of water) of using A.I.:

"You might not realize it, but every time you ask an AI chatbot a question, a data center is forced to guzzle water. To be precise, a data center requires about a 500-milliliter bottle of water to generate 10 to 50 medium-length GPT-3 responses, according to one analysis. Generating an image uses substantially more water than text, and a video uses dramatically more than an image."

 

The article also does a good job of explaining why the water cost is so high:

 

"Data centers need a way to cool their servers to prevent them from overheating. One of the main methods of doing this is through cooling towers that evaporate water. Data centers also consume water indirectly through electricity generation, since the power plants that feed them energy also need to be cooled."


Take care

David


David Chandler

Strategic Corporate Social Responsibility: Sustainable Value Creation (6e)

© Sage Publications, 2023


Instructor Teaching and Student Study Site: https://study.sagepub.com/chandler6e  

Strategic CSR Simulation: http://www.strategiccsrsim.com/

The library of CSR Newsletters are archived at: https://strategiccsr-sage.blogspot.com/



Thirsty AI Creates Another Climate Risk

By Michelle Ma

May 8, 2025

Bloomberg

https://www.bloomberg.com/news/newsletters/2025-05-08/thirsty-ai-creates-another-climate-risk

 

Thursday, August 28, 2025

Strategic CSR - Gambling

The article in the url below contains an interesting statistic for all those of you who are fans of football's Premier League:

"In the season that kicked off on Friday, 11 out of 20 clubs feature the names of gambling companies on their uniforms, a testament to the league's growing dependence on the industry."

Quite the statement about the influence of gambling on the sport, how quickly it has grown, and what it says about our society.

Take care
David

David Chandler
© Sage Publications, 2023

Instructor Teaching and Student Study Site: https://study.sagepub.com/chandler6e  
Strategic CSR Simulation: http://www.strategiccsrsim.com/
The library of CSR Newsletters are archived at: https://strategiccsr-sage.blogspot.com/


How Gambling Sponsors Took Over the Premier League
By Aaron Gordon and Elena Mejia
August 14, 2025
Bloomberg
 

Tuesday, August 26, 2025

Strategic CSR - Plastics

Over the summer, you may have read about the breakdown in talks that were intended to produce a global treaty on how to minimize plastics waste. The unbridgeable gap was formed between opponents of plastic, who wanted to ban the most toxic chemicals that cause human harm, and supporters of plastic, who wanted to focus on better waste collection and recycling. Doing both does not appear to have been an option considered by the participants, despite the urgency, as reported in the article in the url below:

"The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development estimates that, without global action to curb plastic pollution, plastic production will grow by 70 percent between 2020 and 2040, totaling 736 million tons a year by the end of that period. Overall as of 2020, less than 10 percent of global plastic waste was estimated to have been recycled, with the rest disposed of in landfills, incinerated or released into the environment."

The article covers many of the details; it also contains a photo that I found particularly striking (and depressing). See if you can spot where the edges of the boats end and the 'water' begins (with 'water' really being just a sea of floating plastic):


I wonder if that is our future, coming to a waterway near you. The tagline accompanying the image in the article is revealing:

"Boaters collect recyclable plastic from the polluted Citarum River in West Java, Indonesia, last year. The United States has turned against production caps on plastic."

Take care
David

David Chandler
© Sage Publications, 2023

Instructor Teaching and Student Study Site: https://study.sagepub.com/chandler6e  
Strategic CSR Simulation: http://www.strategiccsrsim.com/
The library of CSR Newsletters are archived at: https://strategiccsr-sage.blogspot.com/


Plastic Talks Collapse As Oil States Oppose Broad Pollution Treaty
By Hiroko Tabuchi
August 16, 2025
The New York Times
Late Edition – Final
A8
 

Thursday, August 21, 2025

Strategic CSR - Welcome back!

 
Welcome back to the Strategic CSR Newsletter!
The first newsletter of the Fall semester is below.
As always, your comments and ideas are welcome.
 

Hi everyone,
Welcome back to the newsletter, and 'Happy Fall/Autumn' to you all.

I wanted to let you know that, over the summer, my administrative responsibilities changed, which has resulted in a significant increase in my workload and shift in my academic/career priorities.

The future of the newsletters is not clear to me at this time, but I will endeavor to continue to send them, while they remain in demand, even if their frequency is impacted.

As always, your comments and ideas are welcome.

I hope you all have a great semester.
Take care
David

________________________________________________
David Chandler, Ph.D.
Professor, Management
Associate Dean, Executive Programs
University of Colorado Denver Business School
 

  

 

Thursday, May 8, 2025

Strategic CSR - Satellites


This is the last CSR Newsletter of the Spring semester.
Have a great summer and I will see you in the Fall!
 

Here is a fascinating quote that I saw, last week, from the article in the url below:

"Decommissioned satellites, which vaporize when they plunge through the atmosphere, are threatening the Earth's protective ozone layer. Last year, about 1,000 of them reentered, or about three a day. By 2035, the daily rate is estimated to rise as high as 50."

Amazing – 1,000 satellites re-entering our atmosphere every year; projected to rise to 20,000 a year, in the next 10 years. The article appeared the day after the latest Starlink satellite launch by SpaceX. Such sentiments always remind me of an image from the Pixar movie, Wall-e (released in 2007, the same year as the first iPhone) – one of the most prescient movies about the future of humanity that I have seen:
 

Hope you all have a good summer.
David

David Chandler
© Sage Publications, 2023

Instructor Teaching and Student Study Site: https://study.sagepub.com/chandler6e  
Strategic CSR Simulation: http://www.strategiccsrsim.com/
The library of CSR Newsletters are archived at: https://strategiccsr-sage.blogspot.com/


Thousands of Falling Satellites Put the Atmosphere at Risk
By Eric Roston, Sana Pashankar, Hayley Warren, and Jin Wu
May 1, 2025
Bloomberg Green
 

Monday, May 5, 2025

Strategic CSR - ICEs

Here is an interesting quote from the article in the url below about internal combustion engines (ICEs):

"About three-quarters of the energy produced by a typical combustion engine is lost through heat and released through a car's exhaust system. But what if some of that heat could be captured and turned into electricity?"

I had no idea ICEs were so inefficient, which must mean three-quarters of the fuel that we put into our cars is essentially wasted. Capturing some of that excess, and reducing the waste, seems like a worthwhile project. Specifically:

"Converting even a fraction of the waste heat produced by such vehicles into electricity could reduce fuel consumption and battery usage … leading to lower carbon-dioxide emissions."

Fortunately, some smart people are looking into that possibility:

"In a recent study, researchers created a prototype of a device, called a thermoelectric generator. … When inserted into an exhaust pipe, the device can turn waste heat into a continuous source of electricity for vehicles such as cars, helicopters and unmanned aerial vehicles, making them more efficient, the researchers say. … The study was partly funded by the U.S. Army with unmanned aerial vehicles in mind, but the researchers believe the device has the potential to be used much more broadly. That's because the thermoelectric generator can be installed into tailpipes of different vehicles without changing how they operate."

Take care
David

David Chandler
© Sage Publications, 2023

Instructor Teaching and Student Study Site: https://study.sagepub.com/chandler6e  
Strategic CSR Simulation: http://www.strategiccsrsim.com/
The library of CSR Newsletters are archived at: https://strategiccsr-sage.blogspot.com/


The Heat Coming Out of Your Car's Tailpipe? Some Can Be Turned Into Electricity
By Lisa Ward
April 21, 2025
The Wall Street Journal, Journal Report: Alternative Energy
Late Edition – Final
R2
 

Thursday, May 1, 2025

Strategic CSR - Amazon

Transport Topics is not part of my normal rotation of reading material, but the article in the url below caught my attention:

"Amazon.com Inc. equipped some delivery vans in Europe with defibrillators to see if drivers crisscrossing residential areas could speed up aid to heart attack victims."

Although Amazon creates a great deal of value throughout society (simply by virtue of what it does), I do not normally think of it experimenting outside of its lane, or doing something that does not deliver an immediate and obvious benefit to its bottom line. But it seems the company not only explored this, but took it seriously:

"The world's largest online retailer tested a program, called Project Pulse, as a pilot in Amsterdam in November 2023, and expanded it to London and Bologna, Italy, according to documents seen by Bloomberg. … Amazon confirmed that more than 100 contract drivers took part in the experiment, with several receiving alerts from citizen responder apps and arriving on site."

The reason why Amazon would do this makes a great deal of sense – "Amazon vans tend to be closer than a professional first responder," and speed of treatment can make all the difference:

"Nine out of 10 people live if they receive a jolt within a minute of a cardiac event, and chances of survival without CPR decrease by 10% every minute, according to the American Heart Association."

Amazon drivers offer broad coverage, given that they deliver in residential areas, where first responders are often not located and "more than 70% of cardiac arrests occur:"

"A study by Philips included in the Amazon documents estimated that a fleet of 50 AED-equipped delivery vans on the roads of a north Seattle neighborhood would be able to respond more than a minute faster, on average, than emergency medical services."

Moreover, Amazon sees clear benefits to the experiment:

"The company's drivers have been blamed for congestion, pollution and causing accidents. The program's backers also speculated that Project Pulse could improve driver retention. Amazon's legal team deemed the risk of drivers being sued low owing to European laws that typically shield bystanders who come to someone's aid."

And, for Amazon at least, it is all relatively cheap:

"One internal document estimated it would cost less than $17 million in the first year of the program to equip 15% of drivers at Amazon's 1,100-plus last-mile delivery depots around the world."

Currently, the "pilot program" has ended and Amazon is exploring the potential of rolling it out more comprehensively in a few European countries.

Take care
David

David Chandler
© Sage Publications, 2023

Instructor Teaching and Student Study Site: https://study.sagepub.com/chandler6e  
Strategic CSR Simulation: http://www.strategiccsrsim.com/
The library of CSR Newsletters are archived at: https://strategiccsr-sage.blogspot.com/


Amazon Equips Some Drivers in Europe With Defibrillators
By Benoit Berthelot and Anna Edgerton
April 10, 2025
Transport Topics