Over the summer, I saw a full-page advert in the NYT for the environmental activist group Earthshare.org (http://www.earthshare.org/). I couldn’t find a graphic of the ad to share with you, but have reproduced the copy below:
“Ever decision we make has consequences. We choose what we put into our lakes and rivers. We choose what we release into the air we breathe. We choose what we put into our bodies, and where we let our children run and play. We choose the world we live in, so make the right choices. Learn what you can do to care for our water, our air, our land and yourslefyourself at earthshare.org.”
What attracted me to the ad was the emphasis it places on individual responsibility, rather than merely harranging firms for polluting too much. The headline of the ad (including capital letters and bold) captures the tone exactly:
“WE LIVE IN THE HOUSE WE ALL BUILD.”
As regular readers of this Newsletter will know, I favor a similar emphasis within the CSR debate. I think firms act much more quickly in response to key stakeholder demands (consumers, in particular) than they do when expected to initiate action that has no demonstrated support in the marketplace. In other words, if consumers stop buying a certain product because they disapporave of the way it was produced or some other action by the firm that produced it, that firm will quickly adapt or fail. In other words, we are as responsible for the corporations that survive and thrive in our society as the organizations themsleves. It is not a perfect solution for the problems in our capitalist system, and I do not absolve firms of all responsibility (and I still think that those firms that are able to differentiate themselves in relation to CSR will be more successful in the long term); it is just that I think more would be achieved that much faster in terms of CSR advocacy if an equal empahsis was placed on stakeholder responsibility (e.g., consumer education) as on corporate responsibility.
Have a good weekend.
Dave
Bill Werther & David Chandler
Strategic Corporate Social Responsibility
© Sage Publications, 2006
http://www.sagepub.com/Werther
Friday, October 3, 2008
Wednesday, October 1, 2008
Strategic CSR - Wal-Mart
The article in the url below emphasizes the value of firms remaining on good terms with all stakeholders (Issues: Stakeholder Relations, p138). This particularly applies to those stakeholders who have embarrassing video archives of past activities that a firm would rather keep quiet:
“About 15,000 videotapes of Wal-Mart executives at work and at play over the past 30 years have suddenly become available to the public thanks to a series of blunders by the retail giant - which paid too little attention to the company it hired to make the tapes before abruptly terminating their relationship two years ago. … Astonishingly, Wal-Mart never drew up a written contract with Flagler to establish who owns the tapes.”
The tapes are already providing valuable evidence for parties that have brought lawsuits against Wal-Mart and the resource (available for anyone to research at a cost of $250 a time) could easily open the firm up to further liability claims:
“A Kansas City lawyer representing a 12-year-old boy who suffered extensive burns when a gasoline can bought at Wal-Mart blew up in her face was astounded - and delighted - to find footage of employees making jokes about their gasoline cans blowing up at a Christmas party.”
Take care
Dave
Bill Werther & David Chandler
Strategic Corporate Social Responsibility
© Sage Publications, 2006
http://www.sagepub.com/Werther
For sale: the video archive Wal-Mart should have erased
By Andrew Gumbel in Los Angeles
591 words
11 April 2008
The Independent
Page 25
http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/for-sale-the-video-archive-walmart-should-have-erased-807813.html
“About 15,000 videotapes of Wal-Mart executives at work and at play over the past 30 years have suddenly become available to the public thanks to a series of blunders by the retail giant - which paid too little attention to the company it hired to make the tapes before abruptly terminating their relationship two years ago. … Astonishingly, Wal-Mart never drew up a written contract with Flagler to establish who owns the tapes.”
The tapes are already providing valuable evidence for parties that have brought lawsuits against Wal-Mart and the resource (available for anyone to research at a cost of $250 a time) could easily open the firm up to further liability claims:
“A Kansas City lawyer representing a 12-year-old boy who suffered extensive burns when a gasoline can bought at Wal-Mart blew up in her face was astounded - and delighted - to find footage of employees making jokes about their gasoline cans blowing up at a Christmas party.”
Take care
Dave
Bill Werther & David Chandler
Strategic Corporate Social Responsibility
© Sage Publications, 2006
http://www.sagepub.com/Werther
For sale: the video archive Wal-Mart should have erased
By Andrew Gumbel in Los Angeles
591 words
11 April 2008
The Independent
Page 25
http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/for-sale-the-video-archive-walmart-should-have-erased-807813.html
Monday, September 29, 2008
Strategic CSR - Recycling plastics
The article in the url below contains some depressing statistics about plastics recycling:
“While some 52% of paper, 36% of metals, and 22% of glass get recycled, only 7% of all plastics do, according to the Environmental Protection Agency.”
In general, only No.1 or No.2 plastics are recycled. There is an insufficient market for Nos.3 to 7 to make recycling them sufficiently profitable. Most people, however, continue to throw all kinds of plastics into the recycling container:
“Sadly, all the things not labeled 1 or 2 get pulled out at the recycling facility and are trucked off to a big, smelly hole in the ground, where they will deposit their petroleum-based chemicals into the soil for the next 500 years.”
In addition to depressing statistics, the article also does a good job of explaining that there are no easy answers to this problem. The author describes how the environmentally aware firm Stonyfield Farm considered changing its yoghurt pots from No.5 to No.2 plastic, for example, but ended up rejecting the plan on the basis that it would increase the amount of plastic used in making the pots because No.2 plastic is less sturdy that No.5 plastic. In addition:
“… if Stonyfield switched, most communities wouldn't recycle them anyway -- turns out that No. 2 tubs can't be mixed with No. 2 bottles because they're made from different chemicals.”
And, of those firms that are recycling plastics, a lot of it is done off-shore, often in China, where reports indicate that:
“… employees in Chinese recycling facilities are exposed to toxic fumes from the materials they are recycling. Which means that my recycling options just got a whole lot more complicated. Some choice: noxious chemicals in the soil versus the health of Chinese workers. It really isn't easy being green.”
Have a good weekend.
Dave
Bill Werther & David Chandler
Strategic Corporate Social Responsibility
© Sage Publications, 2006
http://www.sagepub.com/Werther
Green Business: Plastic Potion No. 9
Recycling should be the easy way to get people involved in helping the environment. Too bad the businesses behind it are blowing it.
Fast Company Magazine
From: Issue 128 | September 2008 | Page 103 | By: Melanie Warner
http://www.fastcompany.com/magazine/128/green-business-plastic-potion-no-9.html
“While some 52% of paper, 36% of metals, and 22% of glass get recycled, only 7% of all plastics do, according to the Environmental Protection Agency.”
In general, only No.1 or No.2 plastics are recycled. There is an insufficient market for Nos.3 to 7 to make recycling them sufficiently profitable. Most people, however, continue to throw all kinds of plastics into the recycling container:
“Sadly, all the things not labeled 1 or 2 get pulled out at the recycling facility and are trucked off to a big, smelly hole in the ground, where they will deposit their petroleum-based chemicals into the soil for the next 500 years.”
In addition to depressing statistics, the article also does a good job of explaining that there are no easy answers to this problem. The author describes how the environmentally aware firm Stonyfield Farm considered changing its yoghurt pots from No.5 to No.2 plastic, for example, but ended up rejecting the plan on the basis that it would increase the amount of plastic used in making the pots because No.2 plastic is less sturdy that No.5 plastic. In addition:
“… if Stonyfield switched, most communities wouldn't recycle them anyway -- turns out that No. 2 tubs can't be mixed with No. 2 bottles because they're made from different chemicals.”
And, of those firms that are recycling plastics, a lot of it is done off-shore, often in China, where reports indicate that:
“… employees in Chinese recycling facilities are exposed to toxic fumes from the materials they are recycling. Which means that my recycling options just got a whole lot more complicated. Some choice: noxious chemicals in the soil versus the health of Chinese workers. It really isn't easy being green.”
Have a good weekend.
Dave
Bill Werther & David Chandler
Strategic Corporate Social Responsibility
© Sage Publications, 2006
http://www.sagepub.com/Werther
Green Business: Plastic Potion No. 9
Recycling should be the easy way to get people involved in helping the environment. Too bad the businesses behind it are blowing it.
Fast Company Magazine
From: Issue 128 | September 2008 | Page 103 | By: Melanie Warner
http://www.fastcompany.com/magazine/128/green-business-plastic-potion-no-9.html
Strategic CSR - The Business Case
The article in the url below by Mallen Baker (Foreword, pxiii) debates the search for proof of a business case for CSR (Chapter 1: An Economic Argument for CSR, p18):
“There is a powerful business case for most of the actions that a company might take under the label of “corporate social responsibility”. But much of what is currently offered under the heading of “business case for CSR” is tosh, and we need to wean ourselves off it. For instance, one of the most common questions I still get asked by managers and journalists alike is for figures to show that “doing CSR” has a measurable and inevitable positive impact on a company’s share price, or on its bottom line. It is a mirage, a distraction. Such figures that do exist are based on a fundamentally flawed premise. … Not only is there no agreement about what constitutes a good, or a sustainable, company, but there is also no agreement even on how you would measure the achievement of these criteria.”
The problem with Baker’s arguments early in the article is that, taken to the extreme, they lead to the conclusion that there is no way of measuring a firm’s CSR profile, little chance of finding a correlation with financial success across firms, and, therefore, no general business case. Instead, I prefer to argue that there is a way of quantifying CSR performance; it is just that we do not yet have sufficiently comprehensive tools to do so adequately:
“There is no one thing called “corporate social responsibility”. It is an umbrella label that covers a range of choices, dilemmas, principles and values. As a result, there can be no one business case that covers it – each proposed course of action requires its own rationale, will carry with it a degree of judgment, and will require skill in execution in order to achieve success.”
By rendering CSR so amorphous as to include anything a firm determines relevant, Baker is in danger of rendering CSR meaningless. It is not so much that I disagree with anything Baker says, so much that it is a matter of emphasis. His argument is a dangerous line to walk and, potentially, damages the cause he believes in so strongly. He is on much stronger ground in arguing that the debate around the value of CSR needs to be waged on a case-by-case basis, rather than trying to bend to the demands of the skeptics for an ultimate proof.
As part of this argument, Baker returns to concrete benefits of CSR later in the article. He notes that CSR is essential to building trust with customers and retaining the best employees, both components of a tangible business case. The complexity of quantifying these effects for firms and then aggregating similar measures across all aspects of operations lead Baker to suggest that the CSR field should not continue to tie itself in knots over the need to definitively prove the business case:
“Generally, if somebody chooses to buy from you it is because they like you, your brand, or your company and they want to buy from you. When sceptical chief executives demand a business case, it is because they do not want to buy from you and they are seeking to justify their scepticism by demanding a level of proof that is not realistically achievable.”
Take care
Dave
Bill Werther & David Chandler
Strategic Corporate Social Responsibility
© Sage Publications, 2006
http://www.sagepub.com/Werther
Ethics and financial performance: The big question – Is there really a business case?
There is no catch-all “business case” for ethics, just good and bad business judgments. And always a healthy slice of luck
Mallen Baker
May 2, 2008
http://www.ethicalcorp.com/content.asp?ContentID=5876
“There is a powerful business case for most of the actions that a company might take under the label of “corporate social responsibility”. But much of what is currently offered under the heading of “business case for CSR” is tosh, and we need to wean ourselves off it. For instance, one of the most common questions I still get asked by managers and journalists alike is for figures to show that “doing CSR” has a measurable and inevitable positive impact on a company’s share price, or on its bottom line. It is a mirage, a distraction. Such figures that do exist are based on a fundamentally flawed premise. … Not only is there no agreement about what constitutes a good, or a sustainable, company, but there is also no agreement even on how you would measure the achievement of these criteria.”
The problem with Baker’s arguments early in the article is that, taken to the extreme, they lead to the conclusion that there is no way of measuring a firm’s CSR profile, little chance of finding a correlation with financial success across firms, and, therefore, no general business case. Instead, I prefer to argue that there is a way of quantifying CSR performance; it is just that we do not yet have sufficiently comprehensive tools to do so adequately:
“There is no one thing called “corporate social responsibility”. It is an umbrella label that covers a range of choices, dilemmas, principles and values. As a result, there can be no one business case that covers it – each proposed course of action requires its own rationale, will carry with it a degree of judgment, and will require skill in execution in order to achieve success.”
By rendering CSR so amorphous as to include anything a firm determines relevant, Baker is in danger of rendering CSR meaningless. It is not so much that I disagree with anything Baker says, so much that it is a matter of emphasis. His argument is a dangerous line to walk and, potentially, damages the cause he believes in so strongly. He is on much stronger ground in arguing that the debate around the value of CSR needs to be waged on a case-by-case basis, rather than trying to bend to the demands of the skeptics for an ultimate proof.
As part of this argument, Baker returns to concrete benefits of CSR later in the article. He notes that CSR is essential to building trust with customers and retaining the best employees, both components of a tangible business case. The complexity of quantifying these effects for firms and then aggregating similar measures across all aspects of operations lead Baker to suggest that the CSR field should not continue to tie itself in knots over the need to definitively prove the business case:
“Generally, if somebody chooses to buy from you it is because they like you, your brand, or your company and they want to buy from you. When sceptical chief executives demand a business case, it is because they do not want to buy from you and they are seeking to justify their scepticism by demanding a level of proof that is not realistically achievable.”
Take care
Dave
Bill Werther & David Chandler
Strategic Corporate Social Responsibility
© Sage Publications, 2006
http://www.sagepub.com/Werther
Ethics and financial performance: The big question – Is there really a business case?
There is no catch-all “business case” for ethics, just good and bad business judgments. And always a healthy slice of luck
Mallen Baker
May 2, 2008
http://www.ethicalcorp.com/content.asp?ContentID=5876
Saturday, September 27, 2008
Strategic CSR - Shell
The article in the url below reports on a “shareholder revolt” at Shell’s 2008 AGM (Issues: Shareholder Activism, p134) concerning a decision by the Shell board to award “retention payments” of approximately $1.5m in stock to three executives of the firm:
“One third of Shell shareholders who voted on the bonus plan opposed it. Combined with those who withheld their votes, 49.5 per cent of voting shareholders did not support the bonuses.”
The payments were to be paid to the three candidates most likely to succeed Shell’s current CEO when he leaves in June 2009, in order to keep them from leaving the firm:
“The bonuses, each worth about €1m in stock, become payable in 2011, provided the three are still in their posts. Investors objected in part because of the lack of performance hurdles.”
Such shareholder votes of opposition, however, are rarely binding on firms, or even noted by management. And, in this case, in spite of the low level of support for the payments, Shell’s board announced its intention to ignore the vote and continue with its plan.
Another story of shareholder conflict with the management of an oil firm that emerged around the same time as the Shell story concerns the Rockefeller family’s attempts to get Exxon to divide its Chair and CEO positions. Representatives of the Rockefeller family, who are minority shareholders in Exxon, explain their position in the article in the second url below.
Have a good weekend.
Dave
Bill Werther & David Chandler
Strategic Corporate Social Responsibility
© Sage Publications, 2006
http://www.sagepub.com/Werther
Shell rocked by investor revolt
By Tom Burgis, Michael Steen and Kate Burgess
428 words
21 May 2008
Financial Times
London Ed1
Page 21
http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/6681ab10-2693-11dd-9c95-000077b07658.html
Article re-printed in full at:
http://royaldutchshellplc.com/2008/05/21/shell-rocked-by-investor-revolt/
ExxonMobil needs an independent chairman
By Peter O’Neill and Neva Rockefeller Goodwin
22 May 2008
Financial Times
London Ed1
Page 13
http://us.ft.com/ftgateway/superpage.ft?news_id=fto052120081442070888
“One third of Shell shareholders who voted on the bonus plan opposed it. Combined with those who withheld their votes, 49.5 per cent of voting shareholders did not support the bonuses.”
The payments were to be paid to the three candidates most likely to succeed Shell’s current CEO when he leaves in June 2009, in order to keep them from leaving the firm:
“The bonuses, each worth about €1m in stock, become payable in 2011, provided the three are still in their posts. Investors objected in part because of the lack of performance hurdles.”
Such shareholder votes of opposition, however, are rarely binding on firms, or even noted by management. And, in this case, in spite of the low level of support for the payments, Shell’s board announced its intention to ignore the vote and continue with its plan.
Another story of shareholder conflict with the management of an oil firm that emerged around the same time as the Shell story concerns the Rockefeller family’s attempts to get Exxon to divide its Chair and CEO positions. Representatives of the Rockefeller family, who are minority shareholders in Exxon, explain their position in the article in the second url below.
Have a good weekend.
Dave
Bill Werther & David Chandler
Strategic Corporate Social Responsibility
© Sage Publications, 2006
http://www.sagepub.com/Werther
Shell rocked by investor revolt
By Tom Burgis, Michael Steen and Kate Burgess
428 words
21 May 2008
Financial Times
London Ed1
Page 21
http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/6681ab10-2693-11dd-9c95-000077b07658.html
Article re-printed in full at:
http://royaldutchshellplc.com/2008/05/21/shell-rocked-by-investor-revolt/
ExxonMobil needs an independent chairman
By Peter O’Neill and Neva Rockefeller Goodwin
22 May 2008
Financial Times
London Ed1
Page 13
http://us.ft.com/ftgateway/superpage.ft?news_id=fto052120081442070888
Tuesday, September 23, 2008
Strategic CSR - Comparative Advantage
The article in the url below asks the understandable question “Why Bother?” in relation to tackling the overwhelming issue of climate change. Having watched Al Gore’s documentary, “An Inconvenient Truth,” the author is underwhelmed—not by the danger at hand, but by Gore’s call to action. Having sketched a vision of a global calamity, Gore then implores the audience to go home and “change a light bulb”:
“That's when it got really depressing. The immense disproportion between the magnitude of the problem Gore had described and the puniness of what he was asking us to do about it was enough to sink your heart.”
Hence the question, “Why Bother?” The author identifies his widespread feelings of ambivalence and powerlessness as rooted in the central role in our economic model of comparative advantage. As a cornerstone of economic theory, comparative advantage enables widespread prosperity through task specialization and economic growth. The author argues, however, that it is this “task specialization” that distances us from broader solutions to societal-wide problems, such as climate change:
“Virtually all of our needs and desires we delegate to specialists of one kind or another -- our meals to agribusiness, health to the doctor, education to the teacher, entertainment to the media, care for the environment to the environmentalist, political action to the politician.”
By being removed from the ability to imagine our own meaningful contribution to radical change, any solution in an area outside our expertise becomes someone else’s problem. Because we each know how to do only one thing well, we are unable to contemplate doing anything beyond that skill. As a result, we are increasingly more likely to rely on someone else (with expertise in the necessary area) to solve the problem for us. Yet, fundamentally, the problem of climate change is one of the aggregate effects of our day-to-day lifestyle decisions:
“… the climate-change crisis is at its very bottom a crisis of lifestyle -- of character, even. The Big Problem is nothing more or less than the sum total of countless little everyday choices, most of them made by us (consumer spending represents 70 percent of our economy), and most of the rest of them made in the name of our needs and desires and preferences.”
Given the scale of the task, the author’s solution, for each of us to make a garden, seems a bit flippant. The article is instructive in its critique of our economic model, however, and its underlying purpose, to reinstate a connection within each of us between cause and effect, is important:
“For Berry, the ''why bother'' question came down to a moral imperative: ''Once our personal connection to what is wrong becomes clear, then we have to choose: we can go on as before, recognizing our dishonesty and living with it the best we can, or we can begin the effort to change the way we think and live.''”
Take care
Dave
Bill Werther & David Chandler
Strategic Corporate Social Responsibility
© Sage Publications, 2006
http://www.sagepub.com/Werther
Why Bother?
By MICHAEL POLLAN
3403 words
20 April 2008
The New York Times
Late Edition - Final
19
http://www.nytimes.com/2008/04/20/magazine/20wwln-lede-t.html
“That's when it got really depressing. The immense disproportion between the magnitude of the problem Gore had described and the puniness of what he was asking us to do about it was enough to sink your heart.”
Hence the question, “Why Bother?” The author identifies his widespread feelings of ambivalence and powerlessness as rooted in the central role in our economic model of comparative advantage. As a cornerstone of economic theory, comparative advantage enables widespread prosperity through task specialization and economic growth. The author argues, however, that it is this “task specialization” that distances us from broader solutions to societal-wide problems, such as climate change:
“Virtually all of our needs and desires we delegate to specialists of one kind or another -- our meals to agribusiness, health to the doctor, education to the teacher, entertainment to the media, care for the environment to the environmentalist, political action to the politician.”
By being removed from the ability to imagine our own meaningful contribution to radical change, any solution in an area outside our expertise becomes someone else’s problem. Because we each know how to do only one thing well, we are unable to contemplate doing anything beyond that skill. As a result, we are increasingly more likely to rely on someone else (with expertise in the necessary area) to solve the problem for us. Yet, fundamentally, the problem of climate change is one of the aggregate effects of our day-to-day lifestyle decisions:
“… the climate-change crisis is at its very bottom a crisis of lifestyle -- of character, even. The Big Problem is nothing more or less than the sum total of countless little everyday choices, most of them made by us (consumer spending represents 70 percent of our economy), and most of the rest of them made in the name of our needs and desires and preferences.”
Given the scale of the task, the author’s solution, for each of us to make a garden, seems a bit flippant. The article is instructive in its critique of our economic model, however, and its underlying purpose, to reinstate a connection within each of us between cause and effect, is important:
“For Berry, the ''why bother'' question came down to a moral imperative: ''Once our personal connection to what is wrong becomes clear, then we have to choose: we can go on as before, recognizing our dishonesty and living with it the best we can, or we can begin the effort to change the way we think and live.''”
Take care
Dave
Bill Werther & David Chandler
Strategic Corporate Social Responsibility
© Sage Publications, 2006
http://www.sagepub.com/Werther
Why Bother?
By MICHAEL POLLAN
3403 words
20 April 2008
The New York Times
Late Edition - Final
19
http://www.nytimes.com/2008/04/20/magazine/20wwln-lede-t.html
Monday, September 22, 2008
Strategic CSR - Martha Stewart
The article in the url below is an interview with Susan Lyne, the (former) CEO of Martha Stewart Living Omnimedia (MSLO), who took over the running of the company immediately following Martha Stewart’s conviction and jail sentence in 2004 (Chapter 2: MSLO, p35).
The interview offers some insight into the loyalty of Martha Stewart’s viewers and readers, who allowed MSLO to survive and thrive, in spite of the negative press coverage that surrounded Martha Stewart’s case:
“… what was fascinating to me was that her readers never left, her viewers didn't leave, it was advertisers who stepped back because there was a fear that the association would somehow damage their brand, but the consumers kept buying sheets, watching television, and certainly kept subscribing to our magazines.”
I’m not entirely sure what this says from a CSR perspective. A negative interpretation suggests that consumers are able to separate their personal values from the actions or values of firms and the individuals running them. In other words, consumers don’t care about CSR as long as they keep getting the products they seek (Chapter 2: Do Stakeholders Care? p25). A more positive interpretation, however, suggests that MSLO does a great job of meeting the needs and demands of its key stakeholder groups that are willing to give the firm the benefit of doubt in return.
Take care
Dave
Bill Werther & David Chandler
Strategic Corporate Social Responsibility
© Sage Publications, 2006
http://www.sagepub.com/Werther
VIEW FROM THE TOP SUSAN LYNE, chief executive of Martha Stewart Living Omnimedia.
By JOSHUA CHAFFIN and CHRYSTIA FREELAND
1022 words
18 April 2008
Financial Times
London Ed1
Page 14
http://www.ft.com/cms/s/816bb29e-0ce0-11dd-86df-0000779fd2ac.html
The interview offers some insight into the loyalty of Martha Stewart’s viewers and readers, who allowed MSLO to survive and thrive, in spite of the negative press coverage that surrounded Martha Stewart’s case:
“… what was fascinating to me was that her readers never left, her viewers didn't leave, it was advertisers who stepped back because there was a fear that the association would somehow damage their brand, but the consumers kept buying sheets, watching television, and certainly kept subscribing to our magazines.”
I’m not entirely sure what this says from a CSR perspective. A negative interpretation suggests that consumers are able to separate their personal values from the actions or values of firms and the individuals running them. In other words, consumers don’t care about CSR as long as they keep getting the products they seek (Chapter 2: Do Stakeholders Care? p25). A more positive interpretation, however, suggests that MSLO does a great job of meeting the needs and demands of its key stakeholder groups that are willing to give the firm the benefit of doubt in return.
Take care
Dave
Bill Werther & David Chandler
Strategic Corporate Social Responsibility
© Sage Publications, 2006
http://www.sagepub.com/Werther
VIEW FROM THE TOP SUSAN LYNE, chief executive of Martha Stewart Living Omnimedia.
By JOSHUA CHAFFIN and CHRYSTIA FREELAND
1022 words
18 April 2008
Financial Times
London Ed1
Page 14
http://www.ft.com/cms/s/816bb29e-0ce0-11dd-86df-0000779fd2ac.html
Wednesday, September 17, 2008
Strategic CSR - Philanthropy
The article in the url below is interesting, I think, not because of the personal failings of the individuals running the nonprofit, but because of the gap in the market that their organization was intended to fill (Issues: Philanthropy, p196):
“Karnofsky and Hassenfeld, both 26, quit hedge-fund jobs last year and started a foundation [GiveWell] with $325,000 from themselves and their friends. Their mission was to gather and disseminate exhaustive data on the effectiveness of charities. GiveWell had found an important niche. American charitable donations reached nearly $300 billion in 2006, and charity is a classic long tail: 75% of that tally comes from individual donors. Unfortunately, most of it is dumb money. Large foundations have professionals who evaluate potential grantees, but their research is generally proprietary. Online resources such as GuideStar and Charity Navigator provide public ratings of nonprofits based on their IRS Form 990s but are skimpy on strategy or program details.”
The idea of accountability for nonprofits is important and these guys had a good business idea—they just messed it up on implementation.
“The worst thing about the GiveWell debacle is that it put at risk a service that's sorely needed in the nonprofit world. Credibility is hard to gain and easy to lose, and restoring it will be GiveWell's big challenge--tough for an organization aspiring to be an evaluator.”
The print version of the article also has some great statistics (missing from the online article)—It is amazing how much money Americans donate relative to people in other countries, both in absolute terms ($295bn, 75% of which come from individual donations), as well as a percentage of GDP (the US ranks first with donations the equivalent of 1.7% of GDP. The UK is No.2 with 0.73% of GDP).
Take care
Dave
Bill Werther & David Chandler
Strategic Corporate Social Responsibility
© Sage Publications, 2006
http://www.sagepub.com/Werther
When the Giving Gets Tough
A nonprofit startup set itself up as a watchdog -- then showed how easy it is to lose your own credibility.
Fast Company Magazine
From: Issue 125 | May 2008 | Page 65 | By: Anya Kamenetz
http://www.fastcompany.com/magazine/125/when-the-giving-gets-tough.html
“Karnofsky and Hassenfeld, both 26, quit hedge-fund jobs last year and started a foundation [GiveWell] with $325,000 from themselves and their friends. Their mission was to gather and disseminate exhaustive data on the effectiveness of charities. GiveWell had found an important niche. American charitable donations reached nearly $300 billion in 2006, and charity is a classic long tail: 75% of that tally comes from individual donors. Unfortunately, most of it is dumb money. Large foundations have professionals who evaluate potential grantees, but their research is generally proprietary. Online resources such as GuideStar and Charity Navigator provide public ratings of nonprofits based on their IRS Form 990s but are skimpy on strategy or program details.”
The idea of accountability for nonprofits is important and these guys had a good business idea—they just messed it up on implementation.
“The worst thing about the GiveWell debacle is that it put at risk a service that's sorely needed in the nonprofit world. Credibility is hard to gain and easy to lose, and restoring it will be GiveWell's big challenge--tough for an organization aspiring to be an evaluator.”
The print version of the article also has some great statistics (missing from the online article)—It is amazing how much money Americans donate relative to people in other countries, both in absolute terms ($295bn, 75% of which come from individual donations), as well as a percentage of GDP (the US ranks first with donations the equivalent of 1.7% of GDP. The UK is No.2 with 0.73% of GDP).
Take care
Dave
Bill Werther & David Chandler
Strategic Corporate Social Responsibility
© Sage Publications, 2006
http://www.sagepub.com/Werther
When the Giving Gets Tough
A nonprofit startup set itself up as a watchdog -- then showed how easy it is to lose your own credibility.
Fast Company Magazine
From: Issue 125 | May 2008 | Page 65 | By: Anya Kamenetz
http://www.fastcompany.com/magazine/125/when-the-giving-gets-tough.html
Monday, September 15, 2008
Strategic CSR - Nau
The last thing I read about Nau (http://www.fastcompany.com/magazine/116/features-leap-of-faith.html), it was changing the face of apparel retailing. The firm’s mission was to integrate a broad sustainability perspective with a specific social mission into every aspect of its business model (Chapter 4: Implementation: The Integration of CSR Into Strategy and Culture, p63):
“Its stylishly minimal clothes in muted colors, made of sustainable materials such as organic cotton and recycled polyester, went on sale in 2007 and appealed to outdoorsy types and city dwellers, tapping into the growing green fashion trend. … And as part of the company's social enterprise initiative, 5% of all sales—from a $38 tank top to a pair of $138 "lean jeans"—were handed over to nonprofit organizations, chosen by the buyer.”
Then I read the article in the url below from BusinessWeek, which reports a decision taken at the firm’s Board meeting on May 1 to close the firm, “just two weeks after its L.A. store had opened.”
The problem for Nau seems to have been a danger that faces all firms seeking to rely on the CSR market niche—the best of intentions cannot replace a solid business model:
“Nau's business model, with its multiple retail channels and sophisticated product line—as well as a heavy commitment to the ideals of sustainability, including tracing the origins of the wool it used back to the sheep in New Zealand—was not only ambitious but capital intensive.”
Nau ran out of money and, when the business climate turned, was unable to raise additional capital to underpin its planned expansion. Sales were fine, but costs were prohibitively high. The limits of appealing to consumer’s best instincts should not be underestimated:
“… in its first and only year of operation, Nau attracted a cult following; Even today its Web site is jammed as the company sells off remaining stock at half-price. But at a board meeting in Portland on May 1, the directors decided to shut it down. … Perhaps Nau was too fashion-forward, with its higher production costs … and unusual products … . While Nau's prices were comparable to like-minded retailers Patagonia and North Face, they couldn't match megaretailers such as Steve & Barry's, whose $8.99 dresses sold in massive, unadorned stores are wildly popular in tough economic times.”
Take care
Dave
Bill Werther & David Chandler
Strategic Corporate Social Responsibility
© Sage Publications, 2006
http://www.sagepub.com/Werther
Business Week Online
Insider Newsletter
May 22, 2008
********************
Nau Is Then
The hip green clothing label with an unconventional approach to style, materials, and retailing calls it quits. What went wrong?
by Ernest Beck
http://www.businessweek.com/innovate/content/may2008/id20080516_881121.htm
“Its stylishly minimal clothes in muted colors, made of sustainable materials such as organic cotton and recycled polyester, went on sale in 2007 and appealed to outdoorsy types and city dwellers, tapping into the growing green fashion trend. … And as part of the company's social enterprise initiative, 5% of all sales—from a $38 tank top to a pair of $138 "lean jeans"—were handed over to nonprofit organizations, chosen by the buyer.”
Then I read the article in the url below from BusinessWeek, which reports a decision taken at the firm’s Board meeting on May 1 to close the firm, “just two weeks after its L.A. store had opened.”
The problem for Nau seems to have been a danger that faces all firms seeking to rely on the CSR market niche—the best of intentions cannot replace a solid business model:
“Nau's business model, with its multiple retail channels and sophisticated product line—as well as a heavy commitment to the ideals of sustainability, including tracing the origins of the wool it used back to the sheep in New Zealand—was not only ambitious but capital intensive.”
Nau ran out of money and, when the business climate turned, was unable to raise additional capital to underpin its planned expansion. Sales were fine, but costs were prohibitively high. The limits of appealing to consumer’s best instincts should not be underestimated:
“… in its first and only year of operation, Nau attracted a cult following; Even today its Web site is jammed as the company sells off remaining stock at half-price. But at a board meeting in Portland on May 1, the directors decided to shut it down. … Perhaps Nau was too fashion-forward, with its higher production costs … and unusual products … . While Nau's prices were comparable to like-minded retailers Patagonia and North Face, they couldn't match megaretailers such as Steve & Barry's, whose $8.99 dresses sold in massive, unadorned stores are wildly popular in tough economic times.”
Take care
Dave
Bill Werther & David Chandler
Strategic Corporate Social Responsibility
© Sage Publications, 2006
http://www.sagepub.com/Werther
Business Week Online
Insider Newsletter
May 22, 2008
********************
Nau Is Then
The hip green clothing label with an unconventional approach to style, materials, and retailing calls it quits. What went wrong?
by Ernest Beck
http://www.businessweek.com/innovate/content/may2008/id20080516_881121.htm
Friday, September 12, 2008
Strategic CSR - Clorox
The article in the url below analyses the recently announced partnership between Clorox and the Sierra Club that places the Sierra Club’s logo on all of the products in Clorox’s new line of cleaning products—Green Works (Issues: NGO and Corporate Cooperation, p192). In exchange, the Sierra Club will receive a percentage of the profits from sales. Although Clorox has benefited handsomely from “one of the most successful launches of a new cleaning brand in recent memory”:
“… within the Sierra Club, the reaction to the deal has been contentious, with emails flying back and forth and charges that Pope's executive committee has sold out … the awkward pairing with Clorox underlines both the huge potential upside for major brands discovering green and the danger for nonprofit environmental groups plunging headlong into the for-profit world.”
On the face of it, the Sierra Club seems to have the most at risk in forming this relationship with a firm whose core product many environmentalists believe to be fundamentally opposed to their conception of ‘sustainability.’ The article notes that Clorox had been working on sustainable ingredients “for nearly a decade.” Even after improvements in cost and availability, however, the firm still faces a difficult challenge:
“… how to get people to believe that Clorox could really be green. … "there were a lot of greenwashing reports starting to surface," … "Consumers were a little bit skeptical."”
While difficult, I believe the Sierra Club’s attitude when approached by Clorox is the attitude that many NGOs need to have if they are truly invested in realizable change. While there will always be a role for antagonists and idealism is fine, reality inevitably means incremental progress:
“When Clorox approached him, Pope had already been pushing for a shift in mind-set at the 116-year-old Sierra Club for some time … "Instead of just saying, Let's boycott somebody who's making a toxic product," Pope explains from his San Francisco office one recent summer day, "let's find a good product and help people who are trying to help consumers."”
That is not to say, however, that the Sierra Club is handling everything as well as it should:
“With no independent scientific assessment of Green Works products, and with an undisclosed amount of money changing hands, what does that Sierra Club seal on the back of the bottle really mean?”
Ultimately:
“For Clorox, it's nothing but upside. For the Sierra Club, it's risking -- if not undermining -- its most valuable asset: its independent reputation.”
This skeptical tone is continued in the article in the second url below:
“Transparency and accountability are double-edged. Embedded in an organisation’s culture they can burnish credibility and encourage progressive innovation. But if the promise does not match the practice, the greenwashing backlash can cause considerable brand damage.”
Have a good weekend.
Dave
Bill Werther & David Chandler
Strategic Corporate Social Responsibility
© Sage Publications, 2006
http://www.sagepub.com/Werther
Cleaning Solution
Since Clorox enlisted the Sierra Club to hype a new green product line, sales are booming. But the club is dealing with a nasty little stain.
Fast Company Magazine
From: Issue 128 | September 2008 | Pages 120-125 | By: Anya Kamenetz
http://www.fastcompany.com/magazine/128/cleaning-solution.html
The contrarian – Sell-out at the Sierra Club
The Clorox partnership fiasco demonstrates poor levels of transparency and weak corporate governance at the Sierra Club
Jon Entine
September 1, 2008
http://www.ethicalcorp.com/content.asp?ContentID=6055
“… within the Sierra Club, the reaction to the deal has been contentious, with emails flying back and forth and charges that Pope's executive committee has sold out … the awkward pairing with Clorox underlines both the huge potential upside for major brands discovering green and the danger for nonprofit environmental groups plunging headlong into the for-profit world.”
On the face of it, the Sierra Club seems to have the most at risk in forming this relationship with a firm whose core product many environmentalists believe to be fundamentally opposed to their conception of ‘sustainability.’ The article notes that Clorox had been working on sustainable ingredients “for nearly a decade.” Even after improvements in cost and availability, however, the firm still faces a difficult challenge:
“… how to get people to believe that Clorox could really be green. … "there were a lot of greenwashing reports starting to surface," … "Consumers were a little bit skeptical."”
While difficult, I believe the Sierra Club’s attitude when approached by Clorox is the attitude that many NGOs need to have if they are truly invested in realizable change. While there will always be a role for antagonists and idealism is fine, reality inevitably means incremental progress:
“When Clorox approached him, Pope had already been pushing for a shift in mind-set at the 116-year-old Sierra Club for some time … "Instead of just saying, Let's boycott somebody who's making a toxic product," Pope explains from his San Francisco office one recent summer day, "let's find a good product and help people who are trying to help consumers."”
That is not to say, however, that the Sierra Club is handling everything as well as it should:
“With no independent scientific assessment of Green Works products, and with an undisclosed amount of money changing hands, what does that Sierra Club seal on the back of the bottle really mean?”
Ultimately:
“For Clorox, it's nothing but upside. For the Sierra Club, it's risking -- if not undermining -- its most valuable asset: its independent reputation.”
This skeptical tone is continued in the article in the second url below:
“Transparency and accountability are double-edged. Embedded in an organisation’s culture they can burnish credibility and encourage progressive innovation. But if the promise does not match the practice, the greenwashing backlash can cause considerable brand damage.”
Have a good weekend.
Dave
Bill Werther & David Chandler
Strategic Corporate Social Responsibility
© Sage Publications, 2006
http://www.sagepub.com/Werther
Cleaning Solution
Since Clorox enlisted the Sierra Club to hype a new green product line, sales are booming. But the club is dealing with a nasty little stain.
Fast Company Magazine
From: Issue 128 | September 2008 | Pages 120-125 | By: Anya Kamenetz
http://www.fastcompany.com/magazine/128/cleaning-solution.html
The contrarian – Sell-out at the Sierra Club
The Clorox partnership fiasco demonstrates poor levels of transparency and weak corporate governance at the Sierra Club
Jon Entine
September 1, 2008
http://www.ethicalcorp.com/content.asp?ContentID=6055
Wednesday, September 10, 2008
Strategic CSR - Cap and Trade
The article in the url below reports a recent decision by the US Court of Appeals that seems to be very important for a prospective carbon cap-and-trade scheme in the US, but which I haven’t seen reported elsewhere. The author describes the decision as a:
“… drive-by slaughter of the Clean Air Interstate Rule on July 11. CAIR is - sorry, was - the Environmental Protection Agency's cap-and-trade programme for electric utilities' emission allowances for sulphurous and nitrous oxides.”
The decision’s implications are significant because the court has essentially delivered an:
“… invalidation of what had become a significant market.”
As a direct result, PPL (an electricity utility) has announced a prospective $100m loss on nitrous oxide emissions credits that it had purchased to allow it to come in under a cap that no longer exists:
“Using EPA data, Jeffrey Holmstead … estimates that the total loss of value for SO emission allowances is in the order of $15bn-$20bn. Nitrous oxide allowances issued under the CAIR, which were wiped out by the Washington DC Circuit, had been valued at $21bn.”
These costs are in conjunction with the prospective losses of investments made by firms to minimize factory emissions:
“The last number we had for investment made in plants, [at least partially] as a consequence of that is around $75bn, and counting.”
The annoying thing about the article is that it does not explain the basis for the Court’s decisions. Ultimately, however, the decision has resulted in high uncertainty and threatens confidence that a similar scheme could work for carbon:
“The court's action means there will almost certainly be higher levels of NOX emissions in the air next year.”
An update on this story is provided in a subsequent article by the same author in the second url below. This story appears to have significant implications for a carbon cap-and-trade scheme, but I have not seen it mentioned anywhere else.
Take care
Dave
Bill Werther & David Chandler
Strategic Corporate Social Responsibility
© Sage Publications, 2006
http://www.sagepub.com/Werther
A costly cap on utilities' cap-and-trade programme
By John Dizard
868 words
29 July 2008
Financial Times
USA Ed1
08
http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/4e32493e-5a7d-11dd-bf96-000077b07658.html
Misguided game of SOx and NOx played for high stakes
By John Dizard
891 words
19 August 2008
Financial Times
USA Ed1
08
http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/8bf3e074-6c4e-11dd-96dc-0000779fd18c.html
“… drive-by slaughter of the Clean Air Interstate Rule on July 11. CAIR is - sorry, was - the Environmental Protection Agency's cap-and-trade programme for electric utilities' emission allowances for sulphurous and nitrous oxides.”
The decision’s implications are significant because the court has essentially delivered an:
“… invalidation of what had become a significant market.”
As a direct result, PPL (an electricity utility) has announced a prospective $100m loss on nitrous oxide emissions credits that it had purchased to allow it to come in under a cap that no longer exists:
“Using EPA data, Jeffrey Holmstead … estimates that the total loss of value for SO emission allowances is in the order of $15bn-$20bn. Nitrous oxide allowances issued under the CAIR, which were wiped out by the Washington DC Circuit, had been valued at $21bn.”
These costs are in conjunction with the prospective losses of investments made by firms to minimize factory emissions:
“The last number we had for investment made in plants, [at least partially] as a consequence of that is around $75bn, and counting.”
The annoying thing about the article is that it does not explain the basis for the Court’s decisions. Ultimately, however, the decision has resulted in high uncertainty and threatens confidence that a similar scheme could work for carbon:
“The court's action means there will almost certainly be higher levels of NOX emissions in the air next year.”
An update on this story is provided in a subsequent article by the same author in the second url below. This story appears to have significant implications for a carbon cap-and-trade scheme, but I have not seen it mentioned anywhere else.
Take care
Dave
Bill Werther & David Chandler
Strategic Corporate Social Responsibility
© Sage Publications, 2006
http://www.sagepub.com/Werther
A costly cap on utilities' cap-and-trade programme
By John Dizard
868 words
29 July 2008
Financial Times
USA Ed1
08
http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/4e32493e-5a7d-11dd-bf96-000077b07658.html
Misguided game of SOx and NOx played for high stakes
By John Dizard
891 words
19 August 2008
Financial Times
USA Ed1
08
http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/8bf3e074-6c4e-11dd-96dc-0000779fd18c.html
Monday, September 8, 2008
Strategic CSR - Carbon
The article in the url below presents the argument that the current price of carbon on the EU cap-and-trade market is significantly lower than it should be:
“The price of European carbon allowances … has risen only modestly this year, to about €27 ($43, £21) a tonne. … However, the levels of demand and supply are severely out of balance. This may lead to a radical repricing of carbon that will fundamentally change the political, business and financial landscape forever.”
The author makes the assertion, which seems logical, that the price of carbon should rise in conjunction with the price of other energies:
“A recent report … argues that carbon's market clearing price with oil at $85 (€55) a barrel and coal at $90 (€58) a tonne is about €40 a tonne. However, with the actual oil price at about $135 (€87) and coal at $200 (€127), the market clearing price for carbon is €75 to €80 a tonne - nearly three times its current level.”
Another trigger that will lead to an increase in the price of carbon, the author argues, is the “€100-per-tonne fine that comes into force this year with phase two of the European Union's Emissions Trading Scheme.”
Maybe I am missing something, but wouldn’t this fine then automatically become the price per ton of carbon? Below €100 firms will buy allowances on the market because they are cheaper than the fine (eventually, given the lack of supply noted in the article, pushing the price up to €100). Once the market price rises above €100, however, firms will prefer to pay the fine instead. It seems to me that fixing the fine essentially imposes a government-determined price that undermines the purpose of the market and carbon trading scheme.
The overall effects of the re-balancing of supply and demand predicted by the author, and corresponding price rise, should be dramatic:
“Carbon will take its place alongside oil, coal and gas as one of the most closely followed commodities in the world. This will mark the beginning of externalities at last being priced into the cost of production.”
Firms will be forced to account fully for carbon in their strategic planning and those firms best able to innovate will benefit the most. The author argues that the effects will also extend to governments that will be forced to respect a global price for carbon and deal with multi-nationals reluctant to invest in projects involving significant exposure regarding carbon:
“Landmark decisions are already being taken in the US, where coal-fired power projects have been abandoned owing to the future cost of emissions.”
Take care
Dave
Bill Werther & David Chandler
Strategic Corporate Social Responsibility
© Sage Publications, 2006
http://www.sagepub.com/Werther
Carbon emitters' free ride is about to end
Kevin Parker
776 words
17 July 2008
Financial Times
London Ed1
11
http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/ce67fbe0-5333-11dd-8dd2-000077b07658.html
“The price of European carbon allowances … has risen only modestly this year, to about €27 ($43, £21) a tonne. … However, the levels of demand and supply are severely out of balance. This may lead to a radical repricing of carbon that will fundamentally change the political, business and financial landscape forever.”
The author makes the assertion, which seems logical, that the price of carbon should rise in conjunction with the price of other energies:
“A recent report … argues that carbon's market clearing price with oil at $85 (€55) a barrel and coal at $90 (€58) a tonne is about €40 a tonne. However, with the actual oil price at about $135 (€87) and coal at $200 (€127), the market clearing price for carbon is €75 to €80 a tonne - nearly three times its current level.”
Another trigger that will lead to an increase in the price of carbon, the author argues, is the “€100-per-tonne fine that comes into force this year with phase two of the European Union's Emissions Trading Scheme.”
Maybe I am missing something, but wouldn’t this fine then automatically become the price per ton of carbon? Below €100 firms will buy allowances on the market because they are cheaper than the fine (eventually, given the lack of supply noted in the article, pushing the price up to €100). Once the market price rises above €100, however, firms will prefer to pay the fine instead. It seems to me that fixing the fine essentially imposes a government-determined price that undermines the purpose of the market and carbon trading scheme.
The overall effects of the re-balancing of supply and demand predicted by the author, and corresponding price rise, should be dramatic:
“Carbon will take its place alongside oil, coal and gas as one of the most closely followed commodities in the world. This will mark the beginning of externalities at last being priced into the cost of production.”
Firms will be forced to account fully for carbon in their strategic planning and those firms best able to innovate will benefit the most. The author argues that the effects will also extend to governments that will be forced to respect a global price for carbon and deal with multi-nationals reluctant to invest in projects involving significant exposure regarding carbon:
“Landmark decisions are already being taken in the US, where coal-fired power projects have been abandoned owing to the future cost of emissions.”
Take care
Dave
Bill Werther & David Chandler
Strategic Corporate Social Responsibility
© Sage Publications, 2006
http://www.sagepub.com/Werther
Carbon emitters' free ride is about to end
Kevin Parker
776 words
17 July 2008
Financial Times
London Ed1
11
http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/ce67fbe0-5333-11dd-8dd2-000077b07658.html
Friday, September 5, 2008
Strategic CSR - eBay
Today’s Newsletter highlights two websites that I recently heard about and thought would be of interest.
The first of these (http://worldofgood.com/) was launched this week by eBay and described as an “Online Marketplace for Ethically Sourced and Eco-Friendly Products”:
“WorldofGood.com is a one-stop-shop where the products, producers and sellers are verified by various third parties called Trust Providers – like TransFair USA (Fair Trade Certified), Co-op America and Aid to Artisans – to meet a core set of ethical and environmental standards.”
The second website (http://www.ecoogler.com/) is an interesting search engine that a friend introduced me to over the summer:
“Ecoogler is a search engine that uses Yahoo technology and helps reforesting trees and safeguard water resources in the Amazon region … For every search in Ecoogler, you contribute symbolically to reforest one leaf. For every 10.000 searches, Ecoogler and Aquaverde plant a tree in the Amazon and in the Canary Islands.
1 search = 10.000 = 1 Planted tree”
While the goal behind WorldofGood.com is clear (eBay is in the business of making money), the thing I would like to know about Ecoogler (and that the website does not make clear) is the source of the financing for the tree planting.
Have a good weekend.
Dave
Bill Werther & David Chandler
Strategic Corporate Social Responsibility
© Sage Publications, 2006
http://www.sagepub.com/Werther
Press release from: eBay Inc.
eBay Launches New Online Marketplace for Ethically Sourced and Eco-Friendly Products
WorldofGood.com by eBay Helps Socially Responsible Shoppers Make a Difference
CSRwire Press Release
9.02.2008 - 11:59pm ET
http://www.csrwire.com/News/12988.html
The first of these (http://worldofgood.com/) was launched this week by eBay and described as an “Online Marketplace for Ethically Sourced and Eco-Friendly Products”:
“WorldofGood.com is a one-stop-shop where the products, producers and sellers are verified by various third parties called Trust Providers – like TransFair USA (Fair Trade Certified), Co-op America and Aid to Artisans – to meet a core set of ethical and environmental standards.”
The second website (http://www.ecoogler.com/) is an interesting search engine that a friend introduced me to over the summer:
“Ecoogler is a search engine that uses Yahoo technology and helps reforesting trees and safeguard water resources in the Amazon region … For every search in Ecoogler, you contribute symbolically to reforest one leaf. For every 10.000 searches, Ecoogler and Aquaverde plant a tree in the Amazon and in the Canary Islands.
1 search = 10.000 = 1 Planted tree”
While the goal behind WorldofGood.com is clear (eBay is in the business of making money), the thing I would like to know about Ecoogler (and that the website does not make clear) is the source of the financing for the tree planting.
Have a good weekend.
Dave
Bill Werther & David Chandler
Strategic Corporate Social Responsibility
© Sage Publications, 2006
http://www.sagepub.com/Werther
Press release from: eBay Inc.
eBay Launches New Online Marketplace for Ethically Sourced and Eco-Friendly Products
WorldofGood.com by eBay Helps Socially Responsible Shoppers Make a Difference
CSRwire Press Release
9.02.2008 - 11:59pm ET
http://www.csrwire.com/News/12988.html
Thursday, September 4, 2008
Strategic CSR - Carbon Credits
The article in the url below announces the launch of a carbon credit ratings agency that will evaluate carbon credits in a similar way that Moody’s and Standard and Poor’s in the US rate debt (Issues: Finance, p180; Loans, p188):
“The agency, run by the IdeaCarbon group of which Lord Stern is vice-chairman, said it would offer investors a guide to the quality of credits and the likelihood that they would be delivered.”
The agency, launched by Nicholas Stern (who authored the Stern climate change reports), emerged largely in response to concerns about the potential for abuse regarding the quality of the projects that generate carbon credits. In particular, concerns center on the credibility of claims by both buyers and sellers of the credits about the environmental benefits being delivered:
“Recent studies have confirmed findings by the Financial Times last year that suggested as many as half of the carbon credits promised under the Kyoto protocol would fail to materialise.”
One problem with the proposed carbon credit rating agency is that its business model is structured in the same was as the debt rating agencies in the US. As a result, there is an apparent conflict of interest with the agency being paid by those organizations and projects that it is supposed to be evaluating:
“Sellers of carbon credits would have to pay to have their products rated, while buyers would also pay to gain access to the ratings.”
The virtues and problems associated with carbon trading schemes and the carbon credits that underwrite them are covered in a longer article that appeared recently in Fast Company magazine:
http://www.fastcompany.com/magazine/127/carbon-boom.html
Take care
Dave
Bill Werther & David Chandler
Strategic Corporate Social Responsibility
© Sage Publications, 2006
http://www.sagepub.com/Werther
Stern launches carbon credit ratings agency
By Fiona Harvey
920 words
24 June 2008
Financial Times
London Ed1
18
http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/897fc1b4-4219-11dd-a5e8-0000779fd2ac.html
“The agency, run by the IdeaCarbon group of which Lord Stern is vice-chairman, said it would offer investors a guide to the quality of credits and the likelihood that they would be delivered.”
The agency, launched by Nicholas Stern (who authored the Stern climate change reports), emerged largely in response to concerns about the potential for abuse regarding the quality of the projects that generate carbon credits. In particular, concerns center on the credibility of claims by both buyers and sellers of the credits about the environmental benefits being delivered:
“Recent studies have confirmed findings by the Financial Times last year that suggested as many as half of the carbon credits promised under the Kyoto protocol would fail to materialise.”
One problem with the proposed carbon credit rating agency is that its business model is structured in the same was as the debt rating agencies in the US. As a result, there is an apparent conflict of interest with the agency being paid by those organizations and projects that it is supposed to be evaluating:
“Sellers of carbon credits would have to pay to have their products rated, while buyers would also pay to gain access to the ratings.”
The virtues and problems associated with carbon trading schemes and the carbon credits that underwrite them are covered in a longer article that appeared recently in Fast Company magazine:
http://www.fastcompany.com/magazine/127/carbon-boom.html
Take care
Dave
Bill Werther & David Chandler
Strategic Corporate Social Responsibility
© Sage Publications, 2006
http://www.sagepub.com/Werther
Stern launches carbon credit ratings agency
By Fiona Harvey
920 words
24 June 2008
Financial Times
London Ed1
18
http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/897fc1b4-4219-11dd-a5e8-0000779fd2ac.html
Tuesday, September 2, 2008
Strategic CSR - Product (Red)
The press release in the url below contrasts the cynicism it says people feel towards the idea “that we can help poor victims of AIDS in Africa by going shopping” with the notable success of Product (Red) (http://www.joinred.com/):
“Then again, there’s this number: $110 million. That’s the amount of money that (Red) partners have generated for the Global Fund To Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria to provide AIDS treatment in Ghana, Rwanda, Swaziland and Lesotho.”
Product (Red) was launched in January 2006 by, among others, Bono and the range of products now available is extensive:
“… now you can buy (Red) phones from Motorola, (Red) iPods from Apple, (Red) greeting cards from Hallmark, (Red) laptops from Dell, (Red) shoes from Converse and (Red) watches from Emporio Armani.”
In spite of this success, however, the author outlines three reasons for concern that expose the limitations of such campaigns. The first reason argues for greater transparency among the participating firms:
“… if all these companies want credit for supporting a good cause, we ought to be able to know how much financial support they are actually delivering.”
The second reason questions whether consumption provides a sustainable solution to any social problem:
“But Americans already consume way too much stuff. The message of Product (Red) is that we can buy that new cell phone or wrist watch and feel good about it because we are helping victims of AIDS.”
And, the final reason raises the potential that Product (Red) might result in an overall decrease in social engagement:
“But what if, after buying that Gap T-shirt, consumers feel they’ve done their part? What if Product (Red) becomes a substitute for either activism or charitable giving?”
Take care
Dave
Bill Werther & David Chandler
Strategic Corporate Social Responsibility
© Sage Publications, 2006
http://www.sagepub.com/Werther
Better (Red) Than Dead
Marc Gunther
CSRwire Weekly News Alert
August 5, 2008
http://vcr.csrwire.com/node/9680
“Then again, there’s this number: $110 million. That’s the amount of money that (Red) partners have generated for the Global Fund To Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria to provide AIDS treatment in Ghana, Rwanda, Swaziland and Lesotho.”
Product (Red) was launched in January 2006 by, among others, Bono and the range of products now available is extensive:
“… now you can buy (Red) phones from Motorola, (Red) iPods from Apple, (Red) greeting cards from Hallmark, (Red) laptops from Dell, (Red) shoes from Converse and (Red) watches from Emporio Armani.”
In spite of this success, however, the author outlines three reasons for concern that expose the limitations of such campaigns. The first reason argues for greater transparency among the participating firms:
“… if all these companies want credit for supporting a good cause, we ought to be able to know how much financial support they are actually delivering.”
The second reason questions whether consumption provides a sustainable solution to any social problem:
“But Americans already consume way too much stuff. The message of Product (Red) is that we can buy that new cell phone or wrist watch and feel good about it because we are helping victims of AIDS.”
And, the final reason raises the potential that Product (Red) might result in an overall decrease in social engagement:
“But what if, after buying that Gap T-shirt, consumers feel they’ve done their part? What if Product (Red) becomes a substitute for either activism or charitable giving?”
Take care
Dave
Bill Werther & David Chandler
Strategic Corporate Social Responsibility
© Sage Publications, 2006
http://www.sagepub.com/Werther
Better (Red) Than Dead
Marc Gunther
CSRwire Weekly News Alert
August 5, 2008
http://vcr.csrwire.com/node/9680
Friday, August 29, 2008
Strategic CSR - Paper or Plastic?
The article in the url below is a depressing comparison between paper or plastic bags to see which imposes the greater environmental burden, in terms of both production, consumption, and disposal:
“Paper or Plastic? We hear the question almost every time we go grocery shopping. Some shoppers answer automatically; plastic - convinced that they are making a better choice for the environment. Others ask for paper, believing the very same thing. The reality is that both paper and plastic bogs gobble up natural resources and cause significant pollution. When you weigh all the costs to the environment, you might just choose to reuse.”
There are some surprising statistics, but the upshot is that neither is particularly good:
“It takes more than four times as much energy to manufacture a paper bag as it does a plastic bag. The production of paper bags generates 70 percent more air and 50 times more water pollutants than production of plastic bags.”
“… it can cost $4,000 to process and recycle 1 ton of plastic bags. This can then be sold on the commodities market for about $32.”
“More often than not, bags collected for recycling never get recycled. A growing trend is to ship them to countries such as India and China, where they are cheaply incinerated under more lax environmental laws. Paper is degradable, but it cannot completely break down in modern landfills because of the lack of water, light, oxygen and other necessary elements. About 95 percent of garbage is buried beneath layers of soil that make it difficult for air and sunlight to reach it.”
An editorial at the Washington Post in July 2007 (http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/07/05/AR2007070501806.html) makes a similar point in response to a proposal to ban plastic shopping bags in Maryland:
“The problem, opponents of the idea counter, is that paper bags are harmful, too: They cost more to make, they gobble up more resources to transport, and recycling them causes more pollution than recycling plastic. The argument for depriving Annapolis residents of their plastic bags is far from made.”
It seems there is only one thing on which most people can agree:
“Disposable shopping bags of any type are wasteful, and the best outcome would be for customers to reuse bags instead.”
Have a good weekend.
Dave
Bill Werther & David Chandler
Strategic Corporate Social Responsibility
© Sage Publications, 2006
http://www.sagepub.com/Werther
More than Meets the Eye: Paper or Plastic?
by Brenna Maloney and Laura Stanton
989 words
4 October, 2007
The Washington Post
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/graphic/2007/10/03/GR2007100301385.html
“Paper or Plastic? We hear the question almost every time we go grocery shopping. Some shoppers answer automatically; plastic - convinced that they are making a better choice for the environment. Others ask for paper, believing the very same thing. The reality is that both paper and plastic bogs gobble up natural resources and cause significant pollution. When you weigh all the costs to the environment, you might just choose to reuse.”
There are some surprising statistics, but the upshot is that neither is particularly good:
“It takes more than four times as much energy to manufacture a paper bag as it does a plastic bag. The production of paper bags generates 70 percent more air and 50 times more water pollutants than production of plastic bags.”
“… it can cost $4,000 to process and recycle 1 ton of plastic bags. This can then be sold on the commodities market for about $32.”
“More often than not, bags collected for recycling never get recycled. A growing trend is to ship them to countries such as India and China, where they are cheaply incinerated under more lax environmental laws. Paper is degradable, but it cannot completely break down in modern landfills because of the lack of water, light, oxygen and other necessary elements. About 95 percent of garbage is buried beneath layers of soil that make it difficult for air and sunlight to reach it.”
An editorial at the Washington Post in July 2007 (http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/07/05/AR2007070501806.html) makes a similar point in response to a proposal to ban plastic shopping bags in Maryland:
“The problem, opponents of the idea counter, is that paper bags are harmful, too: They cost more to make, they gobble up more resources to transport, and recycling them causes more pollution than recycling plastic. The argument for depriving Annapolis residents of their plastic bags is far from made.”
It seems there is only one thing on which most people can agree:
“Disposable shopping bags of any type are wasteful, and the best outcome would be for customers to reuse bags instead.”
Have a good weekend.
Dave
Bill Werther & David Chandler
Strategic Corporate Social Responsibility
© Sage Publications, 2006
http://www.sagepub.com/Werther
More than Meets the Eye: Paper or Plastic?
by Brenna Maloney and Laura Stanton
989 words
4 October, 2007
The Washington Post
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/graphic/2007/10/03/GR2007100301385.html
Wednesday, August 27, 2008
Strategic CSR - Finance
The article in the url below by Mallen Baker (Foreword, pxiii) argues that, while firms benefit from striving to meet the needs and demands of their stakeholders, in general, and their customers, in particular, this relationship is weaker for those firms that profit by selling products that their consumers do not fully understand—e.g., the financial and banking industries (Issues: Finance, p175; Investing, p180):
“If someone wants a tin of beans from a supermarket, they can immediately see whether that retailer has the product actually in stock, and they can pretty easily compare the price of that tin of beans with identical products being sold elsewhere. But, if you could fleece the customer and knowingly sell products that don't wholly meet their needs, but are immensely profitable, would you do it?”
Baker’s accusation is that the underlying logic of the financial sector is confusion, combined with a fundamental legitimacy (i.e., people know that it is important to save and invest money):
“Many banks in different countries will offer a basic deposit account to put your money into which is free if you stay in credit. They will also provide a number of outlets for you to withdraw cash for free as well – because when they tried to charge for this they found the customer certainly had a voice on the issue. Beyond that, the logic of the industry rewards complexity.”
The example Baker cites indicates the significant incentives (and absence of any significant disincentives) for banks and other financial organizations to preserve the status quo:
“… First National Bank of Chicago which broke all the accepted rules for building customer loyalty when it decided to charge $3 to all customers who insisted on going into branches to carry out transactions rather than doing it remotely. The media carried a flood of critical stories, and competitors jumped in with ads pointing out that they welcomed customers at their branches. In fact, the bank lost a percentage of its customers, but its profits went up by 28 per cent. Why? There was indeed a big move to cheaper electronic transactions, and the customers they lost were generally the unprofitable ones they were only to happy to gift to their competitors. So what about the right of those customers to get a decent service? What about the social role that banking provides and their public duty? Aren't banks often viewed almost as agents of the state, and isn't part of the contract to provide such things? Sure – but that's different to saying that providing such a service has a business case behind it based on profitability.”
Take care
Dave
Bill Werther & David Chandler
Strategic Corporate Social Responsibility
© Sage Publications, 2006
http://www.sagepub.com/Werther
Financial services: Will banks ever treat customers fairly?
Banks that profit from public confusion have few incentives to be honest with customers
Mallen Baker
April 1, 2008
http://www.ethicalcorp.com/content.asp?ContentID=5807
“If someone wants a tin of beans from a supermarket, they can immediately see whether that retailer has the product actually in stock, and they can pretty easily compare the price of that tin of beans with identical products being sold elsewhere. But, if you could fleece the customer and knowingly sell products that don't wholly meet their needs, but are immensely profitable, would you do it?”
Baker’s accusation is that the underlying logic of the financial sector is confusion, combined with a fundamental legitimacy (i.e., people know that it is important to save and invest money):
“Many banks in different countries will offer a basic deposit account to put your money into which is free if you stay in credit. They will also provide a number of outlets for you to withdraw cash for free as well – because when they tried to charge for this they found the customer certainly had a voice on the issue. Beyond that, the logic of the industry rewards complexity.”
The example Baker cites indicates the significant incentives (and absence of any significant disincentives) for banks and other financial organizations to preserve the status quo:
“… First National Bank of Chicago which broke all the accepted rules for building customer loyalty when it decided to charge $3 to all customers who insisted on going into branches to carry out transactions rather than doing it remotely. The media carried a flood of critical stories, and competitors jumped in with ads pointing out that they welcomed customers at their branches. In fact, the bank lost a percentage of its customers, but its profits went up by 28 per cent. Why? There was indeed a big move to cheaper electronic transactions, and the customers they lost were generally the unprofitable ones they were only to happy to gift to their competitors. So what about the right of those customers to get a decent service? What about the social role that banking provides and their public duty? Aren't banks often viewed almost as agents of the state, and isn't part of the contract to provide such things? Sure – but that's different to saying that providing such a service has a business case behind it based on profitability.”
Take care
Dave
Bill Werther & David Chandler
Strategic Corporate Social Responsibility
© Sage Publications, 2006
http://www.sagepub.com/Werther
Financial services: Will banks ever treat customers fairly?
Banks that profit from public confusion have few incentives to be honest with customers
Mallen Baker
April 1, 2008
http://www.ethicalcorp.com/content.asp?ContentID=5807
Monday, August 25, 2008
Strategic CSR - Green Collar Jobs
Welcome back to the Strategic CSR Newsletter!
The first Newsletter of this semester is below. As always, your comments and ideas are welcome.
The article in the url below profiles the efforts of an one man’s attempts to marry the growing green economy with the social needs of depressed U.S. communities (Issues: Community, p215):
"What is considered green is usually for the eco-elite. … But if we are actually going to meet the challenge of global warming, we are going to have to weatherize millions of homes and install millions of solar panels. That's millions of new jobs. We need to connect the people who most need the work with the work that most needs to be done."
The man featured in the article, Van Jones, has big plans in his effort to “link the green movement with issues of race and class”:
“Last year, Jones led a coalition of business, labor, and environmental groups that persuaded the Oakland City Council to provide $250,000 in seed money for the country's first green-collar-jobs corps, which will train low-income youth in the renewable-energy, organic-food, and green-construction industries. The organization he founded and heads, the Ella Baker Center for Human Rights, also helped draft the Pathways out of Poverty legislation for the federal Green Jobs Act of 2007, which pledged $125 million to train 35,000 people a year in green-collar jobs. And in February, Jones launched Green for All, a national advocacy organization whose goal is to procure $1 billion in federal funding by 2012 for green-collar programs, and lift as many as 250,000 Americans out of poverty.”
In spite of the attention he is receiving, Jones remains focused on the immediate reality:
“Jones attacks conventional environmental appeals -- bemoaning the plight of polar bears and other "charismatic megafauna," as he puts it -- because they don't speak to poor urban dwellers who have more pressing needs, like scraping together bus fare or keeping their kids out of gangs.”
Have a good semester.
Dave
Bill Werther & David Chandler
Strategic Corporate Social Responsibility
© Sage Publications, 2006
http://www.sagepub.com/Werther
“I’m Bad! I’m Slick!”
Oakland activist Van Jones is on a mission to bring green-collar jobs to the urban poor. His mightiest weapon: His mouth.
Fast Company Magazine
From: Issue 125 | May 2008 | Page 103 | By: Linda Baker
http://www.fastcompany.com/magazine/125/im-bad-im-slick.html
Thursday, May 8, 2008
Strategic CSR - Climate Change II
The article in the url below offers a critical look at the knee-jerk reactionism to much of the uncertainty and confusion around climate change (Issues: Environmental Sustainability, p171):
“The majority view among climate scientists, as set out in the most recent report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, is that "most" of the slight (0.5Degrees C) warming in the last quarter of the 20th century was "very likely" caused by man-made carbon dioxide emissions. On that basis, and relying on computer models, its "best guess" of the likely rise in mean global temperature over the next 100 years is between 1.8Degrees C and 4Degrees C. These projections were made, incidentally, before the recent acknowledgement that so far this century there has been no further global warming at all - in spite of a continuing rapid rise in carbon emissions.”
Nigel Lawson, who was the UK’s Chancellor during much of the 1980s and is promoting his recent book on the subject of climate change, focuses his argument on counteracting the economic assumptions contained within the IPCC report of climate change and the corresponding potential costs of solving the associated problems. Chief among Lawson’s points is the IPCC’s “self-evidently absurd” assumption that future solutions are constrained by current knowledge levels:
“Even if that were so, what would it mean? Suppose the loss to the developing world were as much as 10 per cent of GDP, then - given the IPCC's economic growth assumptions, on which its emissions assumptions, and hence its warming assumptions, are based- it would imply that, by 2100 or thereabouts, people in the developing world, instead of being some 9.5 times as well off as they are today, would be "only" some 8.5 times as well off - which would still leave them better off than people in the developed world today. This, then, is the scale of the alleged threat to the planet - based, to repeat, on the IPCC's grossly inflated estimate of the likely damage from further warming, arising from its absurdly gloomy view of mankind's ability to adapt.”
I forward this article not to challenge global warming as a fact, but to suggest that there is still much that we do not know about the implications of climate change and our best possible response. This is not to make the case for inaction (the potential costs of which vastly outweigh the potential costs of doing nothing), but, instead, to argue that our “best” policy responses need to be founded on as much information as possible and assumptions that enjoy broad support.
Take care
Dave
Bill Werther & David Chandler
Strategic Corporate Social Responsibility
© Sage Publications, 2006
http://www.sagepub.com/Werther
Stop this foolish overreaction to climate change
By NIGEL LAWSON
887 words
7 April 2008
Financial Times
London Ed1
Page 13
http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/3d19321e-043a-11dd-b28b-000077b07658.html
“The majority view among climate scientists, as set out in the most recent report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, is that "most" of the slight (0.5Degrees C) warming in the last quarter of the 20th century was "very likely" caused by man-made carbon dioxide emissions. On that basis, and relying on computer models, its "best guess" of the likely rise in mean global temperature over the next 100 years is between 1.8Degrees C and 4Degrees C. These projections were made, incidentally, before the recent acknowledgement that so far this century there has been no further global warming at all - in spite of a continuing rapid rise in carbon emissions.”
Nigel Lawson, who was the UK’s Chancellor during much of the 1980s and is promoting his recent book on the subject of climate change, focuses his argument on counteracting the economic assumptions contained within the IPCC report of climate change and the corresponding potential costs of solving the associated problems. Chief among Lawson’s points is the IPCC’s “self-evidently absurd” assumption that future solutions are constrained by current knowledge levels:
“Even if that were so, what would it mean? Suppose the loss to the developing world were as much as 10 per cent of GDP, then - given the IPCC's economic growth assumptions, on which its emissions assumptions, and hence its warming assumptions, are based- it would imply that, by 2100 or thereabouts, people in the developing world, instead of being some 9.5 times as well off as they are today, would be "only" some 8.5 times as well off - which would still leave them better off than people in the developed world today. This, then, is the scale of the alleged threat to the planet - based, to repeat, on the IPCC's grossly inflated estimate of the likely damage from further warming, arising from its absurdly gloomy view of mankind's ability to adapt.”
I forward this article not to challenge global warming as a fact, but to suggest that there is still much that we do not know about the implications of climate change and our best possible response. This is not to make the case for inaction (the potential costs of which vastly outweigh the potential costs of doing nothing), but, instead, to argue that our “best” policy responses need to be founded on as much information as possible and assumptions that enjoy broad support.
Take care
Dave
Bill Werther & David Chandler
Strategic Corporate Social Responsibility
© Sage Publications, 2006
http://www.sagepub.com/Werther
Stop this foolish overreaction to climate change
By NIGEL LAWSON
887 words
7 April 2008
Financial Times
London Ed1
Page 13
http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/3d19321e-043a-11dd-b28b-000077b07658.html
Friday, May 2, 2008
Strategic CSR - Prediction Markets
The article in the url below shows how nonprofits are using an increasingly popular online tool, prediction markets (e.g., the Iowa Electronic Markets, http://www.biz.uiowa.edu/iem/), as a way of raising money for specific causes (Issues: Profit, p200).
On the website https://bet2give.com/, anyone can bet money on events such as the outcome of the Presidential race, or any current affairs, business, or sports event of interest, with the profits won on the bets being donated to a specific charity nominated by the individual:
“Since its debut last September, Bet2give (http://www.bet2give.com/) has attracted about 400 traders and donated about $1,000 to charities that include Kiva, the Nature Conservancy, and National Public Radio.”
The article also profiles an idea by the Long Now Foundation (http://www.longnow.org/) that also draws on prediction markets to generate debate over ideas of social and scientific interest/importance, while raising money for worthwhile causes:
“Its "Long Bets" site (http://www.longbets.org/) charges registered users $50 to publish a prediction that must be socially or scientifically important. Once the prediction is made, registered users can discuss it and challenge the person to turn it into a bet. … When the bet terms are met, either by a date or a predicted event happening, and the winner is decided, the money is sent to a charity of the winner's choice.”
Have a good weekend.
Dave
Bill Werther & David Chandler
Strategic Corporate Social Responsibility
© Sage Publications, 2006
http://www.sagepub.com/Werther
Non-profits place a bet on prediction markets
By LAUREN FOSTER
770 words
19/20 April 2008
Financial Times
London Ed1
Page 4
http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/4c2f786e-0da7-11dd-b90a-0000779fd2ac.html
On the website https://bet2give.com/, anyone can bet money on events such as the outcome of the Presidential race, or any current affairs, business, or sports event of interest, with the profits won on the bets being donated to a specific charity nominated by the individual:
“Since its debut last September, Bet2give (http://www.bet2give.com/) has attracted about 400 traders and donated about $1,000 to charities that include Kiva, the Nature Conservancy, and National Public Radio.”
The article also profiles an idea by the Long Now Foundation (http://www.longnow.org/) that also draws on prediction markets to generate debate over ideas of social and scientific interest/importance, while raising money for worthwhile causes:
“Its "Long Bets" site (http://www.longbets.org/) charges registered users $50 to publish a prediction that must be socially or scientifically important. Once the prediction is made, registered users can discuss it and challenge the person to turn it into a bet. … When the bet terms are met, either by a date or a predicted event happening, and the winner is decided, the money is sent to a charity of the winner's choice.”
Have a good weekend.
Dave
Bill Werther & David Chandler
Strategic Corporate Social Responsibility
© Sage Publications, 2006
http://www.sagepub.com/Werther
Non-profits place a bet on prediction markets
By LAUREN FOSTER
770 words
19/20 April 2008
Financial Times
London Ed1
Page 4
http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/4c2f786e-0da7-11dd-b90a-0000779fd2ac.html
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